Deploying Computer Enclosures Outdoors

 

Using a computer outdoors exposes sensitive electronics to conditions they typically aren’t designed to withstand, including rain, dust, humidity, direct sunlight, and extreme temperatures. An appropriately rated outdoor computer enclosure can help protect the equipment while providing the environmental protection and thermal management required for reliable operation.

When deploying computer enclosures in outdoor environments, the installation will present a unique set of challenges. The risk of equipment failure requires computer equipment to withstand solar heat, rain, snow, sleet, and extreme temperatures. In addition to environmental concerns, one must consider the technical aspects involved in installing electronics outdoors. To be effective, the internal assembly must be designed to withstand harsh conditions and offer the necessary security to protect equipment.

What Should You Consider Before Installing a Computer Outdoors?

Before installing a computer or other sensitive electronics outdoors, consider temperature extremes, environmental exposure, the required NEMA rating, and how power and data cables will enter the enclosure. Each of these factors can affect the enclosure’s ability to protect the equipment inside.

1. Temperature Extremes and Outdoor Computer Cooling
   If the proper heating and cooling are not incorporated into the system, computer enclosures – deployed in extreme warm or cold environments – will not fare well. Natural convection cooling is not an option for all-weather, outdoor enclosures. 

A closed loop cooling or internal heating system is vital for keeping outside elements away from the internal electronics, while maintaining the appropriate operating temperatures. Heat exchangers, vortex cooling units, and outdoor rated air conditioners are all feasible closed loop cooling systems. 

The appropriate solution depends on factors such as the equipment’s heat load, allowable operating temperature, ambient outdoor temperature, and enclosure specifications.

Heat build-up from direct sunlight may require insulation inside of the enclosure. Prior to installing the cabinet, consult an enclosure expert for a thermal management recommendation.

2. Protecting Outdoor Computers From Rain, Moisture, Dust, and Dirt
   Electronics and liquids do not mix! Water can negatively affect the exterior and interior of an enclosure. If the correct enclosure is not specified, liquid can enter the enclosure through inferior gaskets or door openings. 

Additionally, differences in ambient air temperatures can cause condensation to form on the inside of the enclosure. Condensation may form as the temperature cools at night or when the equipment is powered down during off hours. Moisture will most likely lead to corrosion that will affect the lifespan of the electronics. 

Temperature changes and humidity should therefore be considered alongside direct exposure to rain or snow when planning an outdoor computer installation.

In addition, unwanted dust and dirt – within an enclosure – drastically increases the chance that electronics will overheat or cause a failure.

3. Choosing the Right NEMA Rating for an Outdoor Computer Enclosure
   If utilizing an enclosure in demanding environments, a NEMA 4 enclosure should be selected. NEMA 4 computer enclosures (powder coated steel) protect against most weather conditions (rain, sleet, snow), and damaging dirt and dust. 

If the enclosure will be exposed to corrosive materials (salt air, heavy washdown, harsh chemicals), the protection of a stainless steel NEMA 4X cabinet may be necessary.

The enclosure’s NEMA rating should be selected based on the specific environmental conditions and exposures present at the installation location. 

In addition, a NEMA 4X enclosure will absorb and conduct heat more efficiently than other materials – stainless steel enclosures are especially advantageous in a direct sunlight application. NEMA 4/4X enclosures feature heavy-duty gasket, hinges, and latches to eliminate points of entry for water, oil, dirt, and dust.

4. Maintaining Protected Cable Access Outdoors

How the enclosure will receive power is often an oversight when installing a NEMA 4 or 4X enclosure. Because these enclosures almost never feature any type of split panels or general openings for cable pass through, a sealed cable entry gland – that will maintain the NEMA rating – is a must! 

NEMA 4X rated cable glands will prevent dust, dirt, and water from entering the enclosure through even the smallest hole. Failure to pay attention to cable access will jeopardize the enclosure system.

Any modification or cable entry should be designed so it does not compromise the environmental protection required for the application.

Planning an Outdoor Computer Enclosure Installation

When planning a waterproof, computer enclosure deployment, failing to take these considerations into account will lead to unwanted, and often costly, problems. 

If you need to install a computer outdoors, ITSENCLOSURES can help you evaluate the equipment, environment, NEMA rating, and thermal management requirements to identify an appropriate enclosure solution.

Explore our industrial computer enclosures or contact ITSENCLOSURES for help choosing the right enclosure and thermal management for your equipment and environment.